CsF/Clinoptilolite: An Efficient Solid Base in SNAr and Copper-catalyzed Ullmann Reactions

CsF/clinoptilolitewasfoundtobeanefficientsolidbasecatalystforbothSNArandUllmannetherreactions.Ageneral and efficient one-step procedure was developed for the synthesis of biaryl ethers via direct coupling of electron-deficient aryl halides to phenols using CsF/clinoptilolite. The protocol was also applied to electron-rich aryl halides by addition of a catalytic amount of copper oxide nanoparticles. Both SNAr and Ullmann reactions were rapid and provided good to excellent yields.

diaryl ethers, SNAr, Ullmann reaction, heterogeneous catalyst, clinoptilolite